Manila Metropolitan Theater Past, Present and Future Essay Example

Manila Metropolitan Theater: Past, Present and Future Paper Introduction The Manila Metropolitan Theater was built on December 10, 1930. Manila Metropolitan Theater or MET can be found at the north part of Mehan Garden within Plaza Arroceros, the same place where the Spanish theater â€Å"Teatro Del Principe Alfonso XII† was located during the time of the Spanish regime. The concept or idea of constructing the Manila Metropolitan Theater was conceived in the mid-1920s as a venue for most Americans, and as well as Filipinos to have a center of performing arts here in the capital. The MET was designed in January 30, 1930 by one of the first pensionados in architecture, Juan Arellano, who also designed some of the major government buildings such as Legislative Building and the Manila Central Post Office Building. We will write a custom essay sample on Manila Metropolitan Theater: Past, Present and Future specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Manila Metropolitan Theater: Past, Present and Future specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Manila Metropolitan Theater: Past, Present and Future specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The theater is an example of a design that was popular in the 1920s to 1940s called â€Å"Art Deco†. From the outside, the major colors of the walls of the theater are misty rose pink, tea rose pink and white. There are three main entrances in the facade. Sculptures of Adam and Eve that can be seen by the entrance of the theater were made by Francesco Riccardo Monti, an Italian sculptor who lived in Manila for 28 years at that time. A rich flora and fauna designed mural glass with a written â€Å"metropolitan† text in the middle can be seen on top of the entrance gate. There are six sculptures of sensual movie dancers in their ethnic poses that can be found symmetrical on both sides outside the theater ? two facing front, two facing each side, and another two at the back. On the topmost part of the theater is the Angkor-Wat inspired minarets on top of the roof that resemble a crown which symbolizes the theater’s glory back in its glorious days. There are several other designs and functions outside the theater such as the arcade architecture, a typical bay, play of levels of massing, side entrances, art deco and organic ornaments, and other decorative elements. Inside, beautiful sculptur

Seven learning styles and how to teach them

Seven learning styles and how to teach them Attention teachers- are you making the most of your time in the classroom? The truth is, if you’re applying a â€Å"one size fits all† approach to teaching then you’re probably not making the most effective use of your abilities. Today’s most effective teachers realize that their classrooms are actually microcosms of students with a range of learning styles- and each student has a specific way of absorbing and processing new information that they respond to best. It can be challenging, but teachers who make a real effort to reach each student by taking their individual learning style into account are best positioned to have a positive and lasting impact in their classrooms.In general, there are seven recognized learning styles- and a range of useful strategies for engaging learners who respond best to each. If you want to maximize learning in your classroom and help your students achieve their goals, consider devoting some time to figuring out which of the following learning styles works best for each and build a program that takes this important information into account.Visual/SpatialA visual learner responds well to seeing new concepts and ideas in visual form- things like charts, tables, figures, and diagrams that incorporate helpful colors and shapes- and learn best by seeing things laid out in front of them. Visual learners are typically observant, creative, and well-organized people who are focused and enjoy carefully laid out plans.If you’re eager to engage a visual learner, make sure your learning program incorporates helpful visual aids and cues and encourage students to use visual tools themselves during the learning process- including sketching out ideas and using note taking and drawing (think flowcharts and mind maps). Also, consider placing them at or near the front of your classroom and decorate your classroom with lots of visual aids.Solitary/IntrapersonalThese students typically straddle a range of learning st yles (including logical, physical, verbal, auditory, and visual learning). How can you spot this type of learner? These are typically private, independent, and introspective students who are driven by self-motivation and self-determination. They often seem like they’re well-suited for tasks like programming, coding, researching, and writing.The truth is, although it can be challenging to fully engage a solitary learner in a crowded classroom, do your best to guide them through the use of visual learning tools, books, designated quiet areas for self-study, and clearly defined sharing/solitary time in the classroom- it will be time well spent.VerbalIf you’re working with a verbal learner, don’t forget that words matter most to them- in all of their many written and spoken forms. These learners are typically intellectual and bookish sorts who show a clear preference for writing and reading, so incorporating things like text-based lessons, vocabulary and word activi ties, and poems are good ideas. It shouldn’t be a surprise that many of these learners wind up in careers involving law, journalism, politics, and writing and administration.If you’re working with a verbal learner be sure to have verbal and written discussions of new concepts and ideas. Take into account if they’re naturally introverted or extroverted- the more outgoing they are, the more they’ll benefit from presentations and interactive talking, while introverted verbal learners will likely respond well to things written down. Be sure to use this information to your teaching advantage.Physical/KinestheticThese energetic learners enjoy the â€Å"hands-on approach,† and enjoy physical and tactile activities to support their learning. They typically gravitate towards athletic pursuits. Look for ways to incorporate learning tools that engage their senses and include movement when possible. Role-playing tends to work particularly well with physical le arners- although this can be a challenge in a classroom full of students. If you can find a way to make use of these strategies you’ll tend to be more successful at engaging these learners.Logical/MathematicalThese data-driven, number-focused learners typically are logical and successful in the classroom and veer towards careers in research, science, accounting, and programming. They respond well to puzzles, brain teasers, and tasks involving pattern recognition, classification and grouping, statistics, and numerical and hierarchical information. Aim to incorporate these in your lesson plans whenever possible.Social/InterpersonalThese types of learners are typically easy to spot- they have a natural predilection for teamwork and interacting and collaborating with their classmates. Although social learners tend to be natural leaders, extroverts, and good communicators, this isn’t a hard a fast rule and can really vary. Another thing worth noting is that social learners can respond well to other learning styles, usually set in a collaborative/interpersonal backdrop. Try incorporating a variety of group activities within your lesson plans to benefit these learners.Auditory/MusicalThese learners tend to respond really well to audio-based lessons, cues, and stimuli. They often prefer to have things explained to them out loud, and really do well with activities that incorporate talking, audio recordings, and music. Your voice and the voices of others in the classroom are great tools when working with auditory learners. Although maintaining a quiet and orderly classroom can be important, your best bet when trying to engage these learners is to incorporate some well-placed sound into your lessons.If you’re looking to better engage your students and maximize learning in your classroom, consider factoring in the diverse learning styles covered here when developing your lesson plans.

CASE 2 TUX 101 INFORMATION LITERACY AND ACADEMIC INTEGRITY Essay

CASE 2 TUX 101 INFORMATION LITERACY AND ACADEMIC INTEGRITY - Essay Example With so many of us pleasing in gaming as an interest, it is now commencing to adjust the world in ways that were never seen approaching (Baker, 2014). While scrutinizing and criticizing games like future soldier, ghost recon and modern warfare, and other games, seen with plentiful issues of DLC, and  opinions  for and against DRM, it might instigate those that take it upon ourselves to disapprove game studios and draw own conclusions on how games ought to be made, to take a step and get a start at spinning it into a career (Baker, 2014). Many people have  expansively  studied military expertise and technology, researching all features of his hit gaming authorization (Baker, 2014). Many will gets to pick up about the abundant military technology developments very long before the public does. It can be shocking to see a Humvee furnished with a .50 caliber gun bartizan that is controlled by what appears like a deviously familiar device - an Xbox 360 controller (Baker, 2014). These Video games manipulating the way of military service  may seem astonishing, but the US military has since been employing this rather exceptional skillset for some years. Military flight simulators have a semblance to their video game matching part, and  have taken more than a few indicators over the years (Voakes, 2014). Formerly using canned training content that wouldn’t go some reasonable time without an update, the unrelenting advancement of video games has provided the military ready-made tools for organizing new recruits. The mechanics of First Person Shooters are now being applied to create extremely specific tutorials that will allow recruits to understand who they were fighting better (Voakes, 2014). Many have criticized this mode of using video game technology to equip and train military recruits, quoting it as a method of desensitization that tends to make the taking of existences

International Business Strategy of Zara Case Study

International Business Strategy of Zara - Case Study Example The firm that is analyzed in the paper is Zara. This Spanish fashion retailer is the leader in Europe, followed by the Swedish, H&M and UK’s Marks & Spencers. Headquartered in the industrial estate of Sabon-Artexio, outside A Caruna in Spain, Zara has over 2700 stores round the world, the latest having opened in China, Serbia, Sweden and Tunisia in 2006 and in Poland, Romania and Russia in 2008. Inditex SA, the holding company, clocked revenues of $8.5 billion in 2007, of which Zara contributed 66 percent. The expansion strategy positively contributed to the increase of Inditex’s share value. The other fashion brands in Inditex’s stable, Pull & Bear, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Stradivarius and Oysho, though having the potential of cannibalizing some of Zara’s advantage, are really no competition to Zara. Zara has stores in over 60 countries in Europe, America and Asia. However, the retailer has not gone whole hog in international expansion, particularly in th e United States and Asia, because it has not expanded its supply chain wide enough to sell in these markets without holding high inventories. Instead, the company focuses on consolidation in the European markets, entering recently into Ireland, Iceland, the Czech Republic, Luxembourg, Finland and Italy and is expanding in England and Germany. Zara’s business strategy is in contrast to most other apparel and other consumer product retailers in the world. Zara produces as many as 12,000 new items of clothing every year, which is nearly four times the average of the apparel industry. Besides, it replaces stock in 3 weeks, which is also 12 times faster than the industry average (Diaz, 2005). Zara's distinctive competence is consisted of vertical integration of design, just-in-time manufacturing system, delivery and sales; flexibility structures, low inventory, quick customization response and specific human capital (Castellano 1993; 2002). Amancio Ortega, founder of Inditex , claimed the aim of Zara is to " democratize fashion by offering the latest fashion in medium quality at affordable prices" This paper will discuss Zara's business model, particularly in relation to its supply chain and customization system, to understand whether its transnational business strategy is flexible, efficient and adapt to a learning process, which, according to Ghoshal's (1987) model, are the goals of a global firm. Theoretical Background The strategic tools that a global company has in order to gain competitive advantage are through exploitation of differences in input and output markets that exist in different markets. Besides, benefiting from economies of scale of operating in different markets and activities, global firms can gain competitive advantage that optimizes risks, efficiency and absorption of learning in different markets (Ghoshal, 1987) For some companies, global integration may result in competitive advantage through economies of scale. For some others, global expansion may not result in competitive advantage when the corporate hierarchy thrusts such a strategy on the company because of difficulties managing large organizations that blur centralized and decentralized policy decisions (Ghoshal, 1987). Since the second half of the 20th century, transnational companies have been the main agents of globalization in all industries, whether through investments, trade and the internet (Gereffi, 2001). In times of globalization, a firm's competitive strength in

Alzheimers Disease World Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Alzheimers Disease World Statistics - Essay Example A critical look at the total deaths reveals a better understanding of the countries that have the biggest share of the Alzheimer’s global deaths. According to the study, nations with the biggest number of loss of life because of Alzheimer’s in 2013 were geographically varied however most of them come from the higher-wage classification. For instance, in 2013, the US, China, and India all had more than 100,000 deaths; while Germany, Japan, Brazil, United Kingdom, Italy, Russia, and Spain all had more than 40,000 Alzheimer's deaths in the same year. Also, middle-income nations in the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe, as well as everywhere else carry an increasingly huge burden due to Alzheimer’s deaths. Further, in 2013, Indonesia, Mexico, Turkey, Ukraine, Vietnam, Thailand, Argentina, Iran, Pakistan, Poland, and Bangladesh all had more than 10,000 losses of life due to Alzheimer’s. The main factor that drives India and China to the top with regar ds to the total deaths due to Alzheimer’s is their high populations. This is because in 2013, Alzheimer’s as well as other dementias, in fact, resulted in a small percentage of deaths in both countries, for instance, only over 2% in China, as well as about 1% in India).   The deaths of people from the disease have shown an upward trend although the deaths from other major illnesses such as HIV, stroke and heart disease has continued to experience significant reduction.  

The Ethical Issues Of Abortion

The Ethical Issues Of Abortion Mention the term ethics to a given group of people and it will be amazing the spurred debate on the same. It is a subject spurring debate not only among the scholars but also among the non-scholars within the society. One simply question creating problems is the actual definition or understanding of the term ethics and its relationship to the human actions and relations. With the universal definition of the term ethics as the ability of choosing the right or wrong, good or bad, fair or unfair, responsible or irresponsible, obligatory or permissible with the list unending. Nonetheless, many scholars believe that ethics is a branch of philosophy attempting to establish the concept of morality within a given community. However, from this scholarly definition another important aspect arises asking the clarification of morality and immorality. This is in lieu with the differences in the cultural practices of the various individuals. Morality on the other hand according to Williams (2004) refers to the personal conviction that an action is upright and acceptable not only by the performer but to the public. It is important to do morally upright actions thereby enhancing he peaceful coexistence between the various communities. There are so many moral issues existing within the environment and cultural differences cause so much disparity and incongruent behavior within the same community. Some of those moral issues have become a global issue yielding to a hotly contested debate between for and against personality (Kaczor, 2011). One such moral issue is abortion. This paper establishes the reasons for and against abortion and finally taking a stand on the concept. Reasons against Abortion Abortion is an act of terminating a pregnancy before the natural delivery of by any available means such as operations. Stillbirth is never an abortion as there is natural birth only that the born child is delivered when dead. Many ways are used in the pregnancy termination before the natural and free delivery by the mother after the gestation period is over. Whereas some communities see abortion as an ethical and moral issue, other communities view it as unethical and immoral. In supporting the reasons against the act of abortion, it is believed that it is murder denying the unborn child the chance to live. Every individual has a fundamental right to life and no one should ever take it no matter the circumstances. Fundamental right to life is global basic human rights need to be upheld at all cost. Aborting the unborn child would mean that the basic right and freedom is infringed and these amounts to gross ethical and moral standards. The morality and ethics of the world requires that the basic rights of a person to be taken into consideration and this help in achieving the good and harmonious existence of the individuals. Violation of human rights has become a serious issue and its further violation brings with it so much effects and negative impacts on the people of the community supporting the same concept. Moreover, the life of a person is considered holy and its sanctity is vital on not only the religious aspect but also the social and communal aspects. The Bible, a religious advocates for sanctity of life of individual whether born or unborn. It also establishes that a personà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s life starts from the conception until the natural death or attrition caused by other factors such as road accident and the rest. Without those the an individual is allowed to live and enjoy life whatever the circumstance and this is the combination of the global human rights and the sanctity of life as portrayed by both religious groups and other cultural practices. Therefore, it becomes meaning les for a community to abort and justifies the action. Abortion is wrong since it denies the unborn the chance and the fundamental of human rights and contradicting the sanctity of life. Another reason as to why abortion should be shunned together with this paper is that under no circumstance does a community in the world gives another person a right of living of the others. It is believed that God created every human being and it is only Him who gives and takes away life of individuals. The person however much they may be disable, there is still the need to ensure that all the process of attaining the global human rights are attained. It is ethically and morally incorrect looking at the various responses obtained from the same subject matter. Since it is never allowed by any community to harm or kill another individual of the same community, it is equally immoral and unethical to abort a foetues that is growing into a baby. Its non-acceptance within the community is a reason to cling on in the upholding human dignity and rights of life. The United States of Americas Ministry of Health claims that the number of abortion performed in public and private health institutions perennially costs a lot of money for the offenders. Increase costs of production makes the offenders use a lot of money in aborting when in real sense they could use the amount in uplifting the lives of the mother and the baby. For those having financial crisis for the abortion process, they go an extra mine to borrow huge amount of money that they may never be able to refund (Kaczor, 2011). The result is a discordant relationship between the perpetrator and the mother of the baby to be aborted. Moreover, some go further to steal or engage in other dubious means to get the required cash. The cost associated with abortion is therefore too much thus should be avoid. Instead, the amount of money for abortion can be channeled to perform other functions. This may be translated economically to mean that the process or action of abortion undermines the economic growth. Many economists have already extrapolated that the abortion action will become a serious action with negative economic effects on the way of human live in the nations accepting and advocating for the process. In the end, abortion will have adverse effects to not only the economic status of the individual but also the economic status of the nation as a whole. It is therefore very important to take various measures to advocate for safe and free delivery of the unborn in order to reduce such economical disastrous likely to be experienced in the coming future. Proper strategies need to be in place. Ethical and moral issue behind the action of abortion has resulted into it not being legalized in many global nations. This makes the pregnant women really determined to get rid of the baby to go backstreet abortion posing so many problems to the mother Murti Crossed, 2006). The backstreet abortion endangers the lives of not only the child but the mother as well. This is true also for the legalized abortion where mothers have bled before leading to their demise. Posing of much threat on the human life especially for both the mother and the child is another reason that should discourage a person from committing the unethical and immoral act. Let the pregnant women freely and naturally deliver after all children are a gift from God. Statistics have it that many women lose their lives in the abortion process especially in cases performed by unqualified people. Abortion is a matter of life and death and it is either amazing seeing different persons fight each other verbally or physically concerning the unethical and immoral actions of an individual. Increment of the backstreet abortions is a threat to the person performing it and the nation at large who are depending on such people in the production process and thus in the improvement of the economy. The effect of this is reduced gross national product, this affects the economy in a negative way, and this is extra detrimental as it involves a high risk of life between the baby and the mother. Let the baby stay and enjoy the fundamental and basic rights of living (Pojman, and Fieser, 2009). Since healthcare practice is involved there might be health dangers exposed to the mother of the child. The most common and dangerous complications developed amongst the women who have aborted include the breast cancer. Once the child or the baby is aborted, the mother will have no one to breast feed leading to the interference of the natural cycle or process of releasing of hormones responsible for the breast and milk development. The impact may not be visible during the first few weeks or months of the motherà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s life but will surely increase the chances of the mother contracting breast cancer. Cancers of any type have no cure and therefore it would mean that the mother will eventually and faster die before the expiry of the time of such a woman. This interferes with the population structure of the economy influencing various activities within the economy (Diener, 2000). In addition, numerous complications arise due to abortion other than the breast cancer idea. Such complications as identified by medical practitioners include the pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancies, future premature births, subsequent infertility, and miscarriages, placenta praevia, among other many complications. These complications are very adverse for example, it may lead to future infertility, this may affect the individual in future causing in ability to give rise to young ones desperations, and consequently death related stress. Another example is the pelvic inflammatory that will affect greatly the pelvic of the mother and this poses so much health related challenges in the environmental as well as the life of the mother. As the healthcare practitioners propose, it will be important to prevent rather than wait and contract the complications through abortion and then looking for ways of curing them (Kaczor, 2011). Reasons for Abortion Many people and communities accept the fact that abortion is ethical and moral. In other communities, there are efforts to make them legal. On of the basis on which they make their argument is that during rape and incest then a person may seek for adoption. In such a case, the proponents for the reasons for the abortion practice assert that such a kind need to be aborted and reduce shame and trauma. However, this is not a right reasoning as the person punished here is the child yet the offender of the act is left to go free without any trial. The other reasoning for abortion according to those who are for it, is believe that abortion could possibly be a means of reducing the population (Murti, Crossed, 2006). The truth is that abortion cannot be used in the reduction of population. There are many ways of population control employed in achieving the desired family size. The proponents of the reasons for abortion also assert that it is ethical and moral as the woman is allowed to decide on the events she would like to happen within her body. For instance, if the woman wants to give birth she may do so since she has all the rights as well. They also believe that abortion is not murder as it only removes and disintegrate the various body cells incapable of living on the own outside the womb without the aid of other technological devices within the healthcare service provision. They assume that when the pregnancy is allowed to continue even with complications then it may result into more complications. Consequently, there is need for the abortion according to them. According to them, it is wrong to bring up a child of unwanted pregnancy and in order to avoid this the persons involve should abort (Pojman, and Fieser, 2009). Conclusion From the above discussion, it is clear that there is a division between those supporting the abortion concept and those against the concept. The various reasoning of both sides of the debate gives a final verdict that it is true that the debate on the side for the actions of abortion is weaker than the side of the shooting. While many scholars have attempted to change the views of abortion by calling it ethical and emotional others believe that the aspect of abortion are complex and in real sense obtained from the various aspects of the government or a given community. it is therefore true without any doubt that abortion, from the discussed issues is unethical and immoral after all they deprive someone of the right of living.

The Torpedoes :: essays research papers

The Torpedoes  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The pre-war issue torpedo had the disadvantage of leaving a visible trail of bubbles on the surface on its way to the target.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The standard torpedo of the war suffered from early problems with its internal depth-keeping equipment, and its firing pistol, but these were solved after the Norwegian Campaign. In mid 1942 an improved version was introduced with an increased battery capacity. The increased battery capacity increased the range 50%. Falke, the first homing torpedo, was fitted with a passive acoustic homing device. It was introduced in March, 1943 and used by U-603,U-758, and U-221 against convoys HX-229 and SC-122. Few were used, as it was replace by the T5, which was faster, had a greater range and could be used with either magnetic or contact detonators. The Zaunkà ¶ning (Gnat) came into service during the autumn of 1943. Intended to be an escort-killer, it achieved some early minor success only to be countered by the allied Foxer noise-making decoy. It was scoring hits against escort and merchants to the end of the war though. The weapon was designed to lock onto the loudest noise after a run of 400m from its launch. This often proved to be the U-boat itself and standard issue-orders were to dive immediately to depth of 60m after launch from a bow tube while a stern shot was to be followed by a complete silence in the boat. Two U-boats were almost certainly lost when hit by one of their own T5 torpedoes, U-972 in Dec 1943 and U-377 in Jan 1944.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Variants All the German U-boat torpedoes were 53.3cm (21 inch) in diameter and had a warhead of 280kg. (The T5 had two important pattern-running devices, which could be applied to various torpedo types.

My Ideal Job Essay

Most people learn knowledge because they hope to obtain an ideal job for themselves. For my part, it is also an important reason that I learn knowledge. For my future working environment, I would like to work in marketing sector. Marketing has more to do with identifying customer needs and developing the right products to satisfy those needs, and it reaches are public through advertising. I hope that the company is located in Central Business District, and there are about a great hundred employees in the company. In addition, I think that the private secretary would be my ideal job through long studying and working. As the private secretary, I should help Director of Marketing to handle and answer his business correspondence, keep multifarious files and records of company, especially relating to some files and records of Director of Marketing, and take minutes of the meetings which is attended by him. Certainly, besides the salary, I expect to get some perks. For example, holidays and vacation time, Employee Assistance Program, social functions, subsidized health coverage for spouses, domestic partners, and competitive health care benefit coverage, including medical, dental, vision, life and so on. I need also grasp some professional knowledge about marketing, computer skills, negotiation skills, and experience of study abroad, except my basic knowledge for the job. In conclusion, because I know to speak and act cautiously, and I am very good at paperwork and daily routine, I feel that I might be suitable for the private secretary in the future.

Her Majestys Attorney-General for Jersey v Dennis Peter Holley †Law Essay

Her Majestys Attorney-General for Jersey v Dennis Peter Holley – Law Essay Free Online Research Papers Her Majesty’s Attorney-General for Jersey v Dennis Peter Holley Law Essay In Her Majesty’s Attorney-General for Jersey v Dennis Peter Holley [2005] UKPC 23 Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead said: â€Å"†¦their Lordships regretfully but firmly consider the majority view expressed in the Morgan-Smith case is erroneous.† Discuss. Holley and Morgan-Smith are just two of several recent cases which have presented to their respective courts with the partial defence to murder, provocation; a doctrine which it is suggested was never truly coherent, logical or consistent. It may be possible to trace the concept of provocation back to the 13th century where juries would consider cases involving a ‘provoked intentional killing in hot blood’ more leniently. However, this discussion will focus on the development of the defence as it has progressed from its statutory footing in the 1957 Homicide Act to the current day and the decision by the House of Lords in Holley. Reference will also be made to older cases following the emergence of the doctrine in 18th century common law and considerations will be made of proposals for reform. Murder is regarded as the most serious of crimes and is unique in that the sentence is fixed by law. In current times this sentence is life imprisonment but until the enactment of the Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act in 1965 , the offence of murder was punishable by death. Still possible with some offences till 1957. It was owing to this mandatory sentence and the laws compassion to human infirmity that the common law partial defence of provocation came about. A successful defence of provocation may reduce the charge to manslaughter thereby allowing for mitigation of sentences. The common law defence is now governed by S3 of the Homicide Act 1957 (1957 Act) which states: ‘When on a charge of murder there is evidence on which the jury can find that the person charged was provoked (whether by things done or by things said or by both together) to lose his self-control, the question whether the provocation was enough to make a reasonable man do as he did shall be left to be determined by the jury; and in determining that question the jury shall take into account everything done and said according to the effect which, in their opinion it would have on a reasonable man’ The section distinguishes two questions, one subjective and one objective both to be answered in considering the defence: Was the defendant provoked into losing his self-control? Was the provocation sufficient to make a reasonable man act as the defendant did? The second (objective) question is the crux of this discussion but it is necessary to highlight the development of the subjective limb first. The defendant must have been provoked, it is not sufficient that he lost his self-control if there is no specific provocative act. In Acott(1997) D had killed his mother, evidence suggested that the attack was frenzied and D had lost his self-control, however the House of Lords held that this was not sufficient for a defence of provocation if there was no evidence of such an act. Having shown that there was a provocative act the subjective question requires that the jury consider ‘whether the provocation was grave enough to warrant a reduction of the crime from murder to manslaughter’ and unavoidably looks at the conduct of the deceased, made clear by Steyn.L in Acott that a jury cannot determine the objective limb without ‘evidence of the nature of the provocation’. This evidence must show that the provocative act was something done and/or said. Circumstances alone cannot amount to provocation, ‘A loss of self-control caused by fear, panic, sheer bad temper or circumstances (e.g. a slow down of traffic due to snow) would not be enough.’ The provocation need not be unlawful, for example; the planning officer exercising his official duties, a 3 week old baby, who was cried constantly, which it is assumed, albeit disparagingly was a ‘thing done’. It is questioned that if theoretically a dog barking can be as provocative as a baby crying, does the provocation need to stem from a human being? The common law as laid out in Duffy(1949) restricted the scope of the defence to acts done by the deceased to the defendant. The 1957 Act impliedly overruled this restriction in that the words or conduct amounting to provocation need not come directly from the deceased. It is also understood that the definition of S3 also enables the defence to be put forward in situations where the provocation was aimed at a third party. This is deemed significant by academics particularly in domestic abuse cases. Loss of self-control was defined by Devlin .J in what is described as a ‘classic direction’; common law required that D had a ‘sudden and temporary loss of self-control.’ S3 has not changed the ‘loss of self-control’ requirement nevertheless it has been at the root of several quandaries since 1957. It is not vital that the defendant has a complete loss of self-control, Taylor LCJ in Richens[1994] stated â€Å"It is not essential that he should not know what he is doing: all that is required is that he should not be able to control what he is doing.† indeed if D did not know what he was doing this would effectively negate the mens rea element of murder and subsequently D could not be found guilty. More here The subjective element attempts to differentiate between provoked killings which have an intrinsic ‘element of involuntariness’ and killings although provoked, have prompted ‘a desire for revenge’. This need to distinguish between the two has brought the ‘sudden and temporary’ aspect into focus. In Duffy Devlin.J explained this aspect in saying. [T]he further removed an incident is from the crime, the less it counts †¦ circumstances which induce a desire for revenge are inconsistent with provocation, since the conscious formulation of a desire for revenge means that a person has had time to think, to reflect, and that would negative a sudden, temporary loss of self-control which is of the essence of provocation Although not a statutory requirement that the courts follow this rule, on several occasions in cases subsequent to the 1957 Act it has been an fundamental part of the defence. In Ibrams(1982) where a planned attack had taken place several days after the provocation the court held there was no evidence of sudden and temporary loss of self control. It has however been argued that this rule is inappropriate and discriminatory in cases of domestic killings, where women who have been subject to systematic and long term abuse have a delayed ‘slow-burn’ reaction and their anger erupts when the fear of danger has subsided for instance, when their abuser is asleep . In Ahluwalia[1993] a case illustrating this point, the court held that the subjective element of the defence is not negated purely because of a delayed reaction, though emphasising that at the time of the killing there must have been a sudden and temporary loss of self-control caused by the alleged provocation. S ummarise As mentioned earlier, the second, objective question is the focus of this discussion. The question was introduced as a means of setting an objective standard against which D’s actions can be gauged. Whereas the subjective question is a matter of fact; was D provoked into losing control? The objective element is entirely a matter for the jury. The question requires the jury assess the ‘seriousness of the provocation †¦ whether the provocation was grave enough to warrant a reduction of the crime from murder to manslaughter.’ To answer the question in the affirmative the jury must be satisfied that the ‘reasonable man’ would have lost control and acted as D did. The reasonable man first made his appearance in criminal law in Welsh(1869) when Keeting J referred to provocation as â€Å"something which might naturally cause an ordinary and reasonably minded man to lose his self-control and commit such an act†. This ‘test’ has a particularly problematic to the courts, the issue arising being whether the reasonable man test when being considered by the jury should be attributed with any of D’s characteristics. Prior to the 1957 Act the courts took an entirely objective view in respect of the reasonable man, taking it upon themselves to instruct the jury on what characteristics the reasonable man may or may not be attributed. In Lesbini(1914) D was deemed mentally deficient and imbalanced yet the jury still had to consider what effect the provocation had on the ordinary man, and as shown by Smith(1915) the hypothetical ordinary man had to be ‘normal in body and mind’ . This objective approach continued throughout the 20th century. Bedder[1954] is one particularly crass example of this. Bedder was a man of 18 who had killed a prostitute after she had taunted him about his sexual impotence. The jury were instructed to disregard the impotence when applying the reasonable man test, effectively this meant the jury had to consider the effect of the victims taunts on a potent man. On appeal to the House of Lords this direction was upheld, Simmonds LCJ, supported their decision by stating that ‘If the reasonable man is then deprived in whole or in part of his reason or the normal man endowed with abnormal characteristics, the test ceases to have any value.’ The introduction of the 1957 Act brought about several changes to the law. The judge had no powers to withhold the defence from the jury even if he thought that there was n. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦fill in †¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The 1957 Act made clear that provocation may be by a thing said, this expressly overruled the House of Lords’ decision in Holmes[1946] where it was held that except in the most extreme circumstances words could not amount to provocation. This change is significant when considering what characteristics can be attributed to the reasonable man. In The House of Lords in Camplin[1978] , using a racial slur as a prime example, Simon L. noted that ‘The effect of an insult will often depend entirely on a characteristic of the person to whom the insult is directed. Dirty nigger would probably mean little if said to a white man or even if said by one coloured man to another’ Although laid out in the 1957 Act it wasn’t until over twenty years later that The House of Lords in Camplin marked the turning point in the law and particularly the problems of instilling D’s characteristics on the reasonable man. The House were greatly influenced Camplin was a boy of 15 who killed V, a man who it was claimed buggered D against his will them laughed at him. The House Research Papers on Her Majesty’s Attorney-General for Jersey v Dennis Peter Holley - Law EssayUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresCapital PunishmentThe Fifth HorsemanArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Three Concepts of PsychodynamicPETSTEL analysis of IndiaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Project Managment Office SystemTwilight of the UAWIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital

Free Essays on Clemente Chavez

â€Å"There is a heat more intense than fire of the torch! And it can be rekindled at a moment’s notice! Where discrimination, injustice and oppression rear their ugly heads the fire can be called upon to burn them away.† Clemente Chavez is a protagonist in the novel Heart of Aztlan. The took place in Barelas, a â€Å"barrio† in Albuquerque, New Mexico in the year 1950’s. Clemente Chavez used to be a farmer, and he loved to work the soil. He lived in a rural area with his family. He yearns for his life in barrio, he also fight for his and his co-workers rights in the city. The book ends with Clemente leading his co-workers on a peaceful demonstration through the railroad company. And he want his family to have a better future, he believe that there is a better life in the city. Clemente is a father that is willing to give his life to his family’s future and the rights and conditions of his co-workers. Clemente wants his family to have a better life. He had a land in a barrio. Unfortunately he was not able to earn enough to pay the mortgages on his land, so he was forced to give up and sell the land. Prior to selling the land, he is like he lost his old customs and traditions. â€Å"There is no injustice in dealing in land.† He felt cursing and crying out the pain he felt because Don Jose bought it in a very low price; Clemente do have any choice. His family are always there to care for him. His family felt very sorry for Clemente. They the move from rural area to urban life takes a hard toll on the family, especially to Clemente. For him is like moving from one world to another. As Clemente wants his family for a better future, he feels powerless in regards in his own family, who’s members takes up city-life in their own ways, and not to his liking. His children enjoy moving in the city; they quickly socialize with the youth often attending parti... Free Essays on Clemente Chavez Free Essays on Clemente Chavez â€Å"There is a heat more intense than fire of the torch! And it can be rekindled at a moment’s notice! Where discrimination, injustice and oppression rear their ugly heads the fire can be called upon to burn them away.† Clemente Chavez is a protagonist in the novel Heart of Aztlan. The took place in Barelas, a â€Å"barrio† in Albuquerque, New Mexico in the year 1950’s. Clemente Chavez used to be a farmer, and he loved to work the soil. He lived in a rural area with his family. He yearns for his life in barrio, he also fight for his and his co-workers rights in the city. The book ends with Clemente leading his co-workers on a peaceful demonstration through the railroad company. And he want his family to have a better future, he believe that there is a better life in the city. Clemente is a father that is willing to give his life to his family’s future and the rights and conditions of his co-workers. Clemente wants his family to have a better life. He had a land in a barrio. Unfortunately he was not able to earn enough to pay the mortgages on his land, so he was forced to give up and sell the land. Prior to selling the land, he is like he lost his old customs and traditions. â€Å"There is no injustice in dealing in land.† He felt cursing and crying out the pain he felt because Don Jose bought it in a very low price; Clemente do have any choice. His family are always there to care for him. His family felt very sorry for Clemente. They the move from rural area to urban life takes a hard toll on the family, especially to Clemente. For him is like moving from one world to another. As Clemente wants his family for a better future, he feels powerless in regards in his own family, who’s members takes up city-life in their own ways, and not to his liking. His children enjoy moving in the city; they quickly socialize with the youth often attending parti...

The four most significant concepts learn in HRM 6603 Research Paper

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Emerging Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

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